Criminal Law

Youth Criminal Justice Act: How Youth Charges Are Handled

When a teenager is charged, a separate system applies. Here is how the Youth Criminal Justice Act works.

Grayscale photo of concrete building

Young people aged 12 to 17 are dealt with under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), in youth court.

The short answer

The youth system focuses on accountability, rehabilitation and reintegration. Many cases are handled without court through extrajudicial measures. Youth records are confidential and are destroyed or sealed after set periods.

Key differences from adult court

  • Extrajudicial measures: warnings, cautions and referrals instead of charges, for many minor offences.
  • Extrajudicial sanctions: a diversion-type program for some charges.
  • Privacy: the young person's identity is generally protected from publication.
  • Sentences: generally shorter and focused on rehabilitation.

Rights

  • A young person has the right to a lawyer and to have a parent or other adult present when questioned by police.
  • Statements to police have special protections.

Youth records

Close-up of an open book with text

Access to youth records ends after set periods, depending on the outcome, after which records must generally be destroyed or sealed.

Parents

Parents must be notified of charges and can attend court. They aren't generally criminally responsible for their child's actions, but may face civil claims in some situations.

Get help

Legal Aid Ontario provides lawyers for most youth charged with offences.

Talk to NEO

NEO can tell you whether a paralegal can act on your charge, and refer you to a criminal lawyer if not. Call 647-200-3526 or toll-free 888-519-2435, email info@neolegalservices.com, or book a free consultation.

Sources

Read next: Victims' Rights in Canada: Information, Protection and Your Statement

General Ontario legal information, not legal advice for your matter, and reading it does not create a retainer. Sources checked 16 October 2026: check the current law, forms and dates before you act.

Photos from Unsplash: grayscale photo of concrete building · Close-up of an open book with text.

This article is general information for people in Ontario, not legal advice. Rules, forms and deadlines change, and every situation is different. Check the current rule or speak to a licensed legal professional before you act.

Not sure where you stand? A licensed paralegal can look at your documents and tell you your options.

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Law Society of Ontario — Barreau de l'Ontario
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