Representing Yourself in Court or at a Tribunal: Practical Tips

Many people in Ontario represent themselves at Small Claims Court, the Landlord and Tenant Board and other tribunals. Judges and adjudicators expect to see self-represented people, and will explain the process, but they can't give you legal advice.

Before the hearing

1. Read the rules and the tribunal's guides.
2. Meet every deadline for filing and serving documents.
3. Organize evidence in date order, with page numbers.
4. Make copies: usually one for the judge, one for each other party, and one for you.
5. Prepare witnesses, and arrange a summons if needed.

At the hearing

• Arrive or log in early.
• Call the judge "Your Honour" (Superior Court judges in Small Claims Court) or address the adjudicator as they ask.
• Speak clearly, don't interrupt, and answer the question asked.
• Explain what you want the court to order, and why.

Common mistakes

• Arguing about things that don't matter to the legal issue
• Bringing evidence that wasn't served in advance
• Getting emotional or arguing with the other side

Getting help

Even a single consultation can help you prepare. NEO offers a free initial consultation and limited-scope help, such as reviewing your documents before a hearing.

Sources

• Ontario: Small Claims Court guides
• Tribunals Ontario

Read next: How to Find Court and Tribunal Decisions on CanLII

General Ontario legal information, not legal advice for your matter, and reading it does not create a retainer. Sources checked 16 October 2026: check the current law, forms and dates before you act.

Photos from Unsplash: Open book, pen, and · Close-up of an open book with text on pages.

This article is general information for people in Ontario, not legal advice. Rules, forms and deadlines change, and every situation is different. Check the current rule or speak to a licensed legal professional before you act.