Study Permits, Work Permits & PGWP in Canada
Navigating Canadian immigration status as a student or temporary worker is complex — and missing a deadline can result in losing status, being unable to work, or being required to leave Canada. This guide covers the key permits and what to watch for.
Study Permits
Most international students need a study permit to attend a Designated Learning Institution (DLI) in Canada for programs longer than 6 months.
- Apply before arriving in Canada (online or at a visa application centre)
- Must show proof of acceptance from a DLI, financial support, and intent to leave after studies
- Biometrics required for most nationalities
- Processing times vary: 4–24 weeks depending on country of residence
Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)
The PGWP is one of Canada's most valuable immigration pathways — it allows graduates of eligible Canadian institutions to work in Canada for up to 3 years after graduation, in any occupation, for any employer.
| Program Length | PGWP Duration |
|---|---|
| Less than 8 months | Not eligible for PGWP |
| 8 months to less than 2 years | Equal to program length |
| 2 years or more | 3 years |
As of 2024, PGWP eligibility is limited to programs aligned with labour market needs (e.g., STEM, healthcare, trades) for students beginning programs after November 1, 2024. Confirm eligibility before enrolling.
Open Work Permits
An open work permit lets you work for any employer in Canada without a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA). Types include:
- PGWP (above)
- Spousal/common-law open work permit — spouses of certain skilled workers or students
- Refugee claimant OWP
- Vulnerable worker OWP
Employer-Specific Work Permits (LMIA-Based)
Most temporary foreign workers need an employer-specific work permit tied to a specific job. The employer must obtain a positive Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA)proving no Canadian was available for the role — unless an LMIA exemption applies (CUSMA/USMCA, intra-company transfers, international agreements).
Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP)
If you applied for permanent residence before your work permit expired and are waiting for a decision, you may qualify for a Bridging Open Work Permit — allowing you to keep working while IRCC processes your PR application.
Maintaining Status: The 90-Day Rule
If you apply to extend a permit before it expires, you have implied statusand may continue under the same conditions while IRCC processes your application. However, if more than 90 days pass after your study/work period ends without submitting a renewal, implied status is lost.
Permit expiring, PGWP questions, or confused about your immigration status?
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