Refugee Hearing Preparation: What to Expect at the IRB
Your refugee hearing at the Immigration and Refugee Board (RPD) is the most important step in your protection claim. How well you prepare — your Basis of Claim, your documents, and your testimony — will determine the outcome.
The Basis of Claim (BOC) Form
The Basis of Claim (BOC) is your written narrative explaining:
- Why you left your country
- What happened to you (events, dates, locations)
- Who harmed or threatened you (agents of persecution)
- Why you cannot return safely
- Why you cannot seek protection from your own government
The BOC is due within 15 days (inland claims) or 45 days(port of entry claims) of your claim being referred. Do not miss this deadline.
Documentary Evidence
Personal documents to gather:
- Police reports, arrest warrants, court documents
- Medical records (injuries, psychological assessments)
- Letters or statements from witnesses
- Photos of injuries or damaged property
- News articles naming you or your family
- Membership cards / proof of political or religious affiliation
Your representative will also submit relevant National Documentation Package (NDP)country conditions evidence to corroborate the general situation in your country.
The Hearing Format
RPD hearings are typically held by videoconference. Participants include the RPD Member (adjudicator), a Refugee Protection Officer (RPO), you, your representative, and an interpreter (provided free of charge if needed).
Testifying: Key Principles
- Tell the truth — Credibility is the single most important factor
- Answer only the question asked — don't volunteer extra information
- Say "I don't know" or "I don't remember" if true — don't guess
- Speak in your own language — the interpreter will translate; speak clearly
- Ask for clarification if you don't understand a question
Common Reasons for RPD Rejection
- Credibility issues — inconsistencies between BOC and testimony
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) — member finds you could safely relocate within your home country
- State protection — member finds your government can adequately protect you
- Delay in claiming — long delay after arriving in Canada before claiming protection
After the Hearing
- Accepted: You are a Convention Refugee — apply for permanent residence
- Rejected: Appeal to the Refugee Appeal Division (RAD) within 15 days
- Abandoned: Claim abandoned if you fail to appear or cooperate
Facing a refugee hearing? Preparation is everything — start early.
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