HRTO Timeline: How Long Does a Human Rights Complaint Take in Ontario?

Step 1: Filing the Application (Form 1)

The applicant files a Form 1 — Application online through the HRTO portal, describing who discriminated against you, the ground(s), the social area, what happened and when, and the remedy sought.

Step 2: HRTO Review & Notice to Respondent (Weeks 1–8)

The HRTO reviews the application and notifies the respondent (employer, landlord, etc.), who must file a Form 2 — Response within 35 days. You will receive a copy and may file a reply.

Step 3: Mediation (Months 3–9)

Most HRTO cases are scheduled for voluntary, confidential mediation before a hearing. Approximately 60–70% of HRTO cases settle at mediation. Settlements can include monetary compensation, policy changes, reinstatement, and letters of apology.

Step 4: Summary Hearing (Months 6–18)

If mediation fails, the HRTO may conduct a written summary hearing to determine whether there is sufficient evidence for a full hearing. If not, the application may be dismissed at this stage.

Step 5: Full Hearing (Months 12–36)

A formal adjudication before an HRTO adjudicator. Evidence is presented, witnesses testify and are cross-examined, and written submissions are made. A written decision typically follows within 3–6 months.

What Remedies Can the HRTO Award?

Note: The HRTO generally does not award legal costs to either party.